Capsule yana ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin nau'ikan magunguna, waɗanda suka samo asali a tsohuwar Masar [1].De Pauli, masanin harhada magunguna a Vienna, ya ambata a cikin littafin tarihin tafiyarsa a cikin 1730 cewa ana amfani da capsules na Oval don rufe mummunan warin kwayoyi don rage radadin marasa lafiya [2].Fiye da shekaru 100 bayan haka, masana harhada magunguna Joseph Gerard Auguste dublanc da Francois Achille Barnabe Motors sun sami haƙƙin mallaka na capsule na gelatin na farko a duniya a cikin 1843 kuma suna ci gaba da inganta shi don dacewa da samar da masana'antu [3,4];Tun daga wannan lokacin, an haifi haƙƙin mallaka da yawa akan capsules mara kyau.A cikin 1931, Arthur Colton na kamfanin Parke Davis ya yi nasarar tsarawa da kera na'urorin samarwa ta atomatik na capsule mara kyau kuma ya samar da kapsule na farko da aka yi a duniya.Abin sha'awa, har ya zuwa yanzu, layin samar da capsule maras kyau kawai ana ci gaba da inganta shi bisa tsarin Arthur don inganta ingancin samfur da ingancin samarwa.
A halin yanzu, capsule ya sami ci gaba mai girma da sauri a fannin kiwon lafiya da kantin magani, kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan nau'ikan nau'ikan shirye-shirye na baka.Daga 1982 zuwa 2000, a cikin sabbin magungunan da aka amince da su a duk duniya, nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan capsule sun nuna haɓakar haɓakawa.
Hoto na 1 Tun daga 1982, an kwatanta sabbin magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta tsakanin capsules da allunan
Tare da haɓaka masana'antar harhada magunguna da masana'antar R & D, an ƙara fahimtar fa'idodin capsules, galibi a cikin abubuwan masu zuwa:
1. Abubuwan da majinyaci suke so
Idan aka kwatanta da sauran siffofin sashi, capsules mai wuya za su iya rufe mummunan ciwon shassan kuma suna da sauƙin haɗiye.Launuka daban-daban da ƙirar bugu suna sa kwayoyi su zama masu ganewa, don inganta ingantaccen tsarin magunguna.A cikin 1983, wani bincike da hukumomin Turai da Amurka suka gudanar ya nuna cewa a cikin marasa lafiya 1000 da aka zaɓa, 54% sun fi son capsules mai ƙarfi, 29% sun zaɓi pellet ɗin sukari, 13% kawai sun zaɓi allunan, wani 4% kuma ba su yi wani zaɓi ba.
2. Babban Ingantaccen R & D
Rahoton tufts na 2003 ya yi nuni da cewa, farashin bincike da bunƙasa magunguna ya karu da kashi 55 cikin ɗari daga 1995 zuwa 2000, kuma matsakaicin kuɗin bincike da bunƙasa magunguna a duniya ya kai dalar Amurka miliyan 897.Kamar yadda muka sani, an jera magungunan da suka gabata, tsawon lokacin da kasuwar keɓaɓɓu na magungunan haƙƙin mallaka zai kasance, kuma sabbin ribar magunguna na kamfanonin harhada magunguna za su ƙaru sosai.Matsakaicin adadin abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin capsules shine 4, wanda ya ragu sosai idan aka kwatanta da 8-9 a cikin allunan;Abubuwan gwaji na capsules suma sun ragu, kuma farashin kafa hanyar, tabbatarwa da bincike kusan rabin na allunan.Sabili da haka, idan aka kwatanta da allunan, lokacin haɓaka capsules shine aƙalla rabin shekara ya fi guntu na allunan.
Gabaɗaya, 22% na sabbin abubuwan haɗin gwiwa a cikin binciken magunguna da haɓakawa na iya shiga gwaji na asibiti na lokaci na, wanda ƙasa da 1/4 na iya wuce gwajin asibiti na III.Binciken sababbin mahadi zai iya rage farashin sababbin bincike da cibiyoyi masu tasowa da wuri-wuri.Sabili da haka, masana'antar masana'antar keɓaɓɓiyar kwantena ta duniya ta haɓaka capsules daidai gwargwado (pccaps) dacewa da gwajin rodent ®）； Madaidaicin micro cika kayan aikin (xcelodose) wanda ya dace da samar da samfuran capsule na asibiti ®) don manyan gwaje-gwaje na asibiti ®) Da kuma cikakkun samfuran samfuran don tallafawa Rage farashin R & D da haɓaka ingantaccen R & D.
Bugu da ƙari, akwai nau'ikan capsules fiye da 9 a cikin nau'i-nau'i daban-daban, wanda ke ba da zaɓuɓɓuka masu yawa don ƙirar ƙwayar ƙwayoyi.Haɓaka fasahar shirye-shirye da kayan aikin da ke da alaƙa kuma yana sa capsule ya dace da ƙarin mahadi tare da kaddarorin musamman, kamar mahadi marasa narkewa a cikin ruwa.Binciken ya nuna cewa kashi 50% na sabbin abubuwan da aka samu ta hanyar yin gwaje-gwaje mai girma da kuma haɗin gwiwar sunadarai ba su iya narkewa a cikin ruwa (20%) μ G / ml), duka capsules masu cike da ruwa da capsules masu laushi na iya biyan bukatun wannan shiri na fili.
3. Ƙananan farashin samarwa
Idan aka kwatanta da Allunan, da GMP samar bitar na wuya capsules yana da abũbuwan amfãni daga m tsari kayan aiki, high sarari amfani, mafi m layout, m lokaci dubawa a cikin samar tsari, m ingancin iko sigogi, m aiki, low hadarin giciye gurbatawa, sauki tsari na shirye-shiryen, ƙananan matakan samarwa, kayan taimako masu sauƙi da ƙananan farashi.Dangane da ƙiyasin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun capsules sun kai 25-30% ƙasa da na allunan [5].
Tare da ci gaba mai ƙarfi na capsules, ƙananan capsules, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan haɓakawa, suna da kyakkyawan aiki.A 2007, jimlar tallace-tallace girma na m capsules a duniya ya wuce 310 biliyan, wanda 94% ne gelatin m capsules, yayin da sauran 6% daga wadanda ba dabba samu capsules, wanda shekara-shekara girma kudi na hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). ) m capsules ya fi 25%.
Babban haɓakar tallace-tallacen da ba na dabba ba da aka samu a cikin kwandon kwandon shara yana nuna yanayin amfani na ba da shawarar samfuran halitta a duniya.A cikin Amurka kadai, alal misali, akwai mutane miliyan 70 da ba su "taba cin kayan da aka samu na dabba ba", kuma kashi 20% na yawan jama'a "masu cin ganyayyaki ne".Bugu da ƙari ga ra'ayi na halitta, ƙananan capsules waɗanda ba dabba ba suna da nasu halaye na fasaha na musamman.Misali, HPMC m capsules suna da ƙarancin abun ciki na ruwa da ƙarfi mai kyau, kuma sun dace da abubuwan da ke ciki tare da hygroscopicity da hankali na ruwa;Pullulan m capsule yana watse cikin sauri kuma yana da ƙarancin iskar oxygen.Ya dace da karfi rage abubuwa.Halaye daban-daban suna sa samfuran capsule daban-daban su yi nasara a takamaiman kasuwanni da nau'ikan samfura.
NASARA
[1] La Wall, CH, 4000 shekaru na kantin magani, ƙayyadaddun tarihin kantin magani da ilimin kimiyyar haɗin gwiwa, JB Lippincott Comp., Philadelphia/London/Montreal, 1940
[2] Feldhaus, FM: Zur Geschichte der Arzneikapsel.Dtsch.Apoth.-Ztg, 94 (16), 321 (1954)
[3] Französisches Patent Nr.5648, Erteilt am 25. Maris 1834
[4] Planche und Gueneau de Mussy, Bulletin de I'Académie Royale de Médecine, 442-443 (1837)
[5] Graham Cole, Ƙididdigar Ƙimar Ci gaba da Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar: Allunan Versus Capsugels.Capsugel Library
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-06-2022